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Educational Standard
About CCE
The CCE (Council on Chiropractic Education) is an agency to assure excellence in chiropractic education and quality in the profession through accreditation. In 1974, the Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE) was recognized by the US Office of Education then based on this accrediting model other regional CCEs were established in Australia-New Zealand, Canada and Europe. In the further growth and development of the profession across the world, the four established CCE-US (USA), CFCREAB (Canada, former CCEC), ECCE (Europe), CCEA (Australasia) have founded and developed CCEI ( Council on Chiropractic Education International).
In accrediting educational model, not less than 4200 student/teacher contact hours are required, or the equivalent, in four years of full‐time education. This includes not less than 1000 hours of supervised clinical training. Japan is currently under the CCEA's jurisdiction. RMIT University Chiropractic Unit-Japan (Current Tokyo College of Chiropractic) is the only school accredited.
As primary contact health care practitioners, chiropractors recognize the importance of referring to other health care providers when it is in the best interests of the patient. In education to be a clinically competent chiropractor, following things are required. History taking skills, general physical examination, neurological examination, musculoskeletal assessment, psychosocial assessment, chiropractic adjustment (manipulation), patient file management, ethics, other conservative therapies etc.
International College Directory
About CSC programs
The Japanese Association of Chiropractors (JAC) has adopted the following policy in regard to the authorized condition of CSC (Chiropractic Standardization Course) program at the annual JAC Assembly on May 12th 2002.
The JAC subscribes the policy of the WFC that has approved "Prior Approval of Profession" at the 4th WFC Biennial Congress in Tokyo and amended at 6th biennial Congress in Paris as follows: First professional chiropractic programs in a country must only be established on the basis of prior consultation with and approval by the national association or other chiropractic organization recognized by the World Federation of Chiropractic as representing chiropractors in that country or, if there is no such national association or organization, the regional organization recognized by the World Federation of Chiropractic (Article 8).
Anyone who wishes to start an educational program must first apply to the JAC in written form. The JAC will review an application and make an appropriate research including onsite visit if deemed necessary at the cost of an applicant. Since the JAC was founded in 1998, there is no application or prior consultation by any group as of today in 2000. By 2004 RMIT University/JCA (Japanese Chiropractic Association) and CMCC (Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College)/NICC (Nichibei International Chiropractic College) programs are first two programs that had received JAC approval for its own CSC program. In 2005 JAC additionally approved Murdoch University/KCS program, CCCI (Cleveland Chiropractic College International)-Japan Co./ ICC (International Chiropractic College) program and IMT (International Therapeutic Medicine) Co./ICC.
JAC approval of CSC programs based on the WFC policy ends in 2012.
CSC and its Purpose
CSC (Chiropractic Standardization Course) was first introduced into Japan in 1996 by RMIT University, Australia. Because CSC is a temporal bridging program for chiropractic practitioners who have not taken the international standard education and keep practicing as so called "a chiropractor" for more than three years. This temporal bridging course cannot be run without deciding the term limit.
Educational Contents of CSC
CSC is not designed for those who are going to start to learn chiropractic from the basic. Therefore, chiropractic techniques are not newly taught in this course. On the other hand, contents that put importance on safe chiropractic practice, such as professional ethics and risk managements, are the core of this course.
Management Bodies of CSC
A management body of CSC is limited to the educational facilities that have educational curricula of the international standard or to educational institutions that have realistic plan to step up from the local educational program to the international standard. It is not acceptable for any educational institutions to only run CSC programs.
CSC on the WFC
The WFC has several policies for countries where chiropractic is not legislated in their own countries, especially in Japan for the locally trained chiropractors to level up to the international standard.
- A CSC program graduate whose program approved by the WFC is admitted as a full member of JAC, the national member of the WFC.
- In the Article 8 of the international charter for the introduction of chiropractic education, it is stated as following. This enables the WFC to exert their influence through JAC.
- In 2001, the WFC adopted the political statement that regulates the terms "chiropractic" and " chiropractor."
First professional chiropractic programs in a country should only be established on the basis of prior consultation with and approval by the national association or other chiropractic organization recognized by the World Federation of Chiropractic as representing chiropractors in that country or, if there is no such national association or organization, the regional organization recognized by the World Federation of Chiropractic.
There are several educational problems that have been vague in the past. And with these policies mentioned above, the WFC tries to make these problems clear.
JAC and CSC programs
JAC has responsibilities to observe the policy of WFC and set it up to the Japanese chiropractic profession. JAC is the representative to WFC and needs to observe international Charter of Education and policies of WFC.
Criteria of CSC program approval by JAC
- The Chiropractic Standardization Course by which Japanese Association of Chiropractors will approve shall be an interim measure to introduce a Doctor of Chiropractic program consistent with the standards accredited at an internationally accepted level and the CSC will be completed by the year 2006. (*later changed to 2012)
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JAC will accept the graduates of following program as full members;
1) Existing program should cease to recruit new students before CSC initiation and the host agreed a strategy leading to the introduction of a Doctor of Chiropractic program consistent with the standards accredited at an internationally accepted level by the year 2006 which was agreed upon during 1st Educational Consensus meeting in Tokyo.
2) The CSC programs to be offered in Japan should be accredited by the Australasian Council on Chiropractic Education, or a successor body meeting similar accreditation standards, according to the standards for CSC programs approved by the ACCE or its equivalent. The program should be completed by the year 2006 in principle.
3) The content of CSC programs and entry requirements should be matched with the standards set by the educational committee of JAC.
3. Program Contents
I. Lecture Contents:
It must be conducted and supervised by a chiropractic institution accredited by CCE and its examinations, grading and the results must be well organized.
II. Lecturers who are responsible for the program
Japanese instructors must go through "Teaching the instructors" program so that those instructors are well prepared. There must be always at least two lecturers in attendance for quality control.
III. Qualifications for lecturers
Lecturers must possess either DC or BCSc or equivalent and lecturer having at least three years of full time clinical experiences must be in attendance.
IV. Data control such as grading and records
Personal data of all instructors and students with regard to grading must be recorded and kept in the files.
V. Disclosure of Materials
All distributed educational materials concerning the program must be available upon request.
VI. Ethical Codes
Any exaggeration of promotional PR for prospective students is prohibited.
Qualification for Enrollment
- Students must have completed any local chiropractic program at least three years prior to the enrollment. This does not apply to seminar attendance.
- After completion of any local chiropractic program, a person must have more than three years of practical experiences.
- A person must be practicing chiropractic or employed by at a chiropractic office. Combination of chiropractic and other health cares are not accepted.
JAC Approved CSC programs until 2012
- RMIT university Chiropractic Unit-Japan/ JCA-Kikaku: BCSc (conversion)
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College / Nihon International Chiropractic College: CSC Certificate
- Murdoch university / KCS & Japan Federation of Chiropractic Professionals: BHSc (chiro)
- Cleveland Chiropractic College International-Japan Co. /International Chiropractic College: BSC Diploma
- Institute of Therapeutic Manipulation Ltd. /International Chiropractic College: BCSc Diploma
*Following a discussion with WFC (World Federation of Chiropractic) at the meeting in 2011, JAC (Japanese Association of Chiropractors) membership criteria have been revised. Outside CCE standard full program graduates, all JAC approved CSC program graduates until 2008 are eligible to apply for being a full member without taking JCR (Japan Chiropractic Registers) test. All approved CSC program graduates after 2009 are required to take JCR test to apply for being a full member.